The Indian Space Research Organisation. Its precursor was established in 1962 by Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, at the urging of Vikram Sarabhai, a leading physicist. Unlike the cold-war agencies of America and the Soviet Union, India's space programme was devoted to development goals such as monitoring monsoons. ISRO has since become a rare example of a widely respected Indian government institution.
Until 2020 India's space sector remained a cottage industry; a limited ecosystem of companies worked with ISRO, mostly small manufacturers producing components for its missions. That year Narendra Modi's government opened space to the wider private sector, creating IN-SPACe, a "single window" where companies could obtain licences and access ISRO's launch capacity.
ISRO's Gaganyaan mission aspires to add India to the small group of countries—comprising America, Russia and China—that have achieved crewed space flight. The mission is planned for 2027.
When you don't know what you are doing, do it neatly.