American biologist who won the 2025 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine, alongside Fred Ramsdell and Sakaguchi Shimon, for identifying regulatory T-cells (Tregs), the agents responsible for peripheral immune tolerance.
In 2001, while working at Celltech Chiroscience, a British biotech firm, Dr Brunkow and Dr Ramsdell investigated a strain of mice which develop a severe and lethal autoimmune disorder. They found the cause was a mutation in a gene called Foxp3—and that people with IPEX, a serious autoimmune condition, have similar mutations.
I think perhaps the most important problem is that we are trying to understand the fundamental workings of the universe via a language devised for telling one another when the best fruit is.